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Science at George School

Science at George School encourages you to ask questions, explore hypotheses, and ultimately understand the world in which we live. Our academic schedule provides ample time for hands-on learning through experimentation, in both the lab and the field.

Paths can vary greatly from student to student, going beyond the big three of chemistry, biology, and physics to include computer programming, robotics, environmental science, and more targeted courses, such as cognitive neurology and forensic science. Understanding the world, after all, involves looking at it from different perspectives—even varied scientific ones.

Science Department Courses

Biology

This course investigates ecology, evolution, biochemistry, cell biology, Mendelian genetics, and diversity of life. Concepts presented in lectures are illustrated using demonstrations, activities, and experiments. Students will hone their abilities to articulate their knowledge clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing. Lab reports will include data collection and analysis of experimental outcomes; students should be able to apply basic algebraic skills to these analyses. Students may be assigned supplemental readings in addition to readings from the textbook.

The first mod of this course focuses on evolution and ecology; the second focuses on cellular biology and biochemistry.

This course fulfills the biology graduation requirement.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 2.0-2.0

Prerequisite: Chemistry or Intensive Chemistry

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Intensive Biology

This intensive course investigates ecology, evolution, biochemistry, molecular biology, bioenergetics, cell biology, Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics, and diversity of life. Concepts with increasing complexity and abstraction will be tackled. Students should expect to handle large amounts of material and must be able to articulate their knowledge clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing. Lab activities will regularly be conducted in class, followed by assigned lab reports. Students should be able to apply algebraic skills and statistical analyses to their data. Students may be assigned technical and complex supplemental readings, in addition to readings from the textbook. This course is the required prerequisite course for IB Biology SL, IB Biology HL, and AP Biology; exceptions to this must be approved by the department.

The first mod of this course focuses on evolution and ecology; the second focuses on cellular biology and biochemistry, and the third mod focuses on genetics and molecular biology.

This course fulfills the biology graduation requirement.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: Chemistry (A) or Intensive Chemistry (B+)

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Biotechnology

To understand topics in molecular biology this course focuses primarily on implementing various lab techniques, including bacterial transformation, DNA extraction, restriction enzyme digest, gel electrophoresis, and PCR. Students investigate topics including DNA, DNA replication, Mendelian genetics, GMOs, gene regulation, and protein synthesis. Students learn how these techniques may be applied in the fields of forensics, immunology, the food industry, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. This elective class is a prerequisite for AP and IB Biology courses.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 2 credits of Biology

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Advanced Topics in Biology: French

Description coming soon. This course and BIO210S are offered in alternate years.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 3 credits of Intensive Biology and French 3

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Advanced Topics in Biology: Spanish

Description coming soon. This course and BIO210F are offered in alternate years. This course will be offered in 2025-2026.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 3 credits of Intensive Biology and Spanish 3

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Marine Biology

This course investigates marine habitats including oceans, bays, estuaries, and intertidal zones, focusing primarily on the eastern United States. Students will learn about marine ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them, with noted emphasis on the strategies and adaptations that enhance survival. Attention will be paid to factors threatening marine environments including pollution, climate change, urban development, and tourism. Students will learn through direct instruction, group work, scientific investigations, and field studies of marine environments. Overnight trips are likely to Barnegat Bay and Island Beach State Park. Trip fees could be applied to cover costs.

Students who enroll in this course are expected to work collaboratively and cooperatively with classmates. They should anticipate making presentations to the class and conducting a marine biology research project. Outdoor work along the shoreline is expected and students need to be able to walk, dig, carry, and lift materials.

(This course will not be offered in 2024-25.)

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 1 credit of biology

Open to: 11, 12

IB HL Biology

This two-year sequence prepares students for the IB Higher Level (HL) Biology exam. Lecture-format classes are combined with frequent experiments to investigate all major topics in the IB HL Biology curriculum. Information is covered in detail and at a fast pace. Nightly homework typically includes readings in the textbook, writing a lab report, studying for quizzes & tests, or completing analysis of scientific studies with data-based questions. The course includes an IB-style group research project. Students also design and conduct a fully independent biology research project which is required as part of the IB’s internal assessment. Students are required to complete a summer assignment in preparation for this class. This 5-mod course should be split over junior and senior years. Beginning in 2025-2026, students must take 2 mods of the course in their junior year and 3 mods in their senior year.

Taking the external IB HL Biology exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 5.0-5.0

Prerequisite: 3 credits of Chemistry (A) or Intensive Chemistry (B+), 3 credits of Intensive Biology (B+) and Biotechnology

Satisfactory performance on a placement test is required for those students whose prerequisite biology class was taken somewhere other than George School.

Open to: 11

AP Biology

This course prepares students for the AP Biology exam. Students investigate evolution, biochemistry, metabolism, and molecular biology. Topics are covered in detail and at a fast pace. Nightly homework typically includes reading a chapter in a college-level textbook, writing a lab report, or writing an essay. Occasional evening and/or weekend labs are required in order to fulfill AP lab expectations. Most labs are inquiry-based, requiring students to develop their scientific skills and work more independently. Students are required to complete a summer assignment in preparation for the class.

Taking the external AP Biology exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: 3 credits of Chemistry (A) or Intensive Chemistry (B+), 3 credits of Intensive Biology (B+) and Biotechnology

Open to: 11, 12

Chemistry

The major concepts of inorganic chemistry are covered in this course. These include properties of matter, atomic structure, molecular bonding, typical chemical reactions, the mole, stoichiometry, acids and bases, gases, and solutions. The study of these topics requires an understanding of basic algebraic concepts and mathematical calculations to demonstrate quantitative principles.

Learning is supported by lab activities and demonstrations. Students are expected to read and practice problems daily. Frequent written lab assignments are required. Students develop skills in data collection and analysis and are taught to use software tools to support this work.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: none

Open to: 9, 10

Intensive Chemistry

The major concepts of inorganic chemistry are covered in this course. These include properties of matter, atomic structure, molecular bonding, typical chemical reactions, the mole, stoichiometry, acids and bases, gases, and solutions. The study of these topics requires a facility with single-variable algebra and mathematical calculations to demonstrate quantitative principles. Placement into the faster-paced, more mathematically focused Intensive Chemistry mods is based on the student’s performance on an optional placement test administered before the start of the academic year.

Learning is supported by lab activities and demonstrations. Students are expected to read and practice problems daily. Frequent written lab assignments are required. Students develop skills in data collection and analysis and are taught to use software tools to support this work.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: none

Open to: 9, 10

Advanced Topics in Chemistry

In this course, students learn about oxidation-reduction reactions, equilibrium in the context of stoichiometry, mathematical aspects of reaction kinetics, and the thermochemical concepts of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. Students apply knowledge from their previous chemistry course to these more complex contexts.

Students learn through experiments, engaging activities, and out-of-class assignments. Students also design their own laboratory investigation. After successfully completing this 1-mod course, students may choose to enroll in AP Chemistry.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: Chemistry (A-) or Intensive Chemistry (B)

Open to: 9, 10, 11, 12

AP Chemistry

This course prepares students for the AP Chemistry exam. Students are assumed to have a strong understanding of topics taught in a first-year chemistry course. In addition to studying foundational concepts in more detail, students learn acid-base chemistry, spectroscopy techniques, relationships between macroscopic and microscopic properties, kinetics, equilibrium, oxidation-reduction, electrochemistry, and standard lab procedures. This is a fast-paced course with a significant laboratory component, and students are expected to design some of their own lab procedures and learn actively during all class sessions. Students are required to complete a substantial summer assignment in preparation for this course.

Taking the external AP Chemistry exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: Intensive Chemistry (B) or Chemistry (A-) AND Advanced Topics in Chemistry (B)

Satisfactory performance on a placement test is required for those students whose prerequisite chemistry class was taken somewhere other than George School.

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Physics

This course helps students discover physical laws firsthand, at a pace that allows for the development of required mathematical concepts. Major concepts covered include kinematics, laws of motion, energy, momentum, gravity, circular motion, electricity, magnetism, and electrical circuits. Frequent lab experiments are performed during class.

Students interested in taking an IB or AP Physics course in the future should take Intensive Physics instead of this course.  This course can be split across two years.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 2.0-3.0

Prerequisite: Math 2 or an Algebra 2 course or Functions & Trig (2 credits). In addition, 10th graders wishing to enroll must have earned either a B in Chemistry or a B- in Intensive Chemistry.

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Intensive Physics

This course helps students discover physical laws firsthand, at a pace that requires mastery of algebra and trigonometry. Major concepts covered include kinematics, laws of motion, energy, momentum, gravity, circular motion, electricity, magnetism, and electrical circuits. Topics are presented at a deeper level in order to prepare students for future study in International Baccalaureate (IB) and Advanced Placement (AP) physics courses. Frequent lab experiments are performed during class.

This course can be split across two years.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 2.0-3.0

Prerequisite: Functions and Trig (2 credits, A; or 3 credits, B+) or Math 4 (or beyond) concurrently. In addition, 10th graders wishing to enroll must have earned either an A in Chemistry or a B+ in Intensive Chemistry. Juniors and seniors need to have earned a B in a biology or chemistry course.

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Physics

​​This course teaches laboratory skills and data analysis techniques useful for physics. Students do not need to have prior knowledge of the specific physics concept to complete the labs. Rather, they are told or will derive the relationships between variables as needed.

​Skills students acquire include experimental design to determine the relationship between two variables, linearization of non-linear graphs, use of the slope or y-intercept to determine a physical constant or controlled variable, mathematical modeling of physical situations, graphing by hand and with Excel, and accounting for experimental error. In the final week of the course, students engage in self-guided inquiry to answer a research question of their choosing using the laboratory and data analysis techniques they’ve acquired. This elective class is a prerequisite for AP courses.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 2 credits of Intensive Physics (B-), 2 credits of Physics (A-), or placement test
Open to: 10, 11, 12

Astrophysics

In this course, students explore the basics of astronomy and other subjects related to physics. We examine our solar system, stellar lifecycles, as well as the structure and creation of the universe. Topics will align with the IB curriculum and may include spectral lines, special relativity, and even recent breakthroughs on gravitational waves.

This class is available to juniors and seniors who have previously learned Newton’s laws of motion and forces. Current enrollment in precalculus or an equivalent class is highly encouraged. Students should expect to participate in labs, analyze real astronomical data, and partake in nighttime observations when weather permits.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 2 credits of physics

Open to: 11, 12

IB SL Physics

This course prepares students for the International Baccalaureate Standard Level (SL) exam, as well as algebra-based physics at the college level. Substantial time is spent in the laboratory. Topics include mechanics, thermal physics, waves, electricity and magnetism, circular motion and gravitation, atomic, nuclear and particle physics, and energy production. Students must have mastered multi-variable algebra, trigonometry, logarithms, and exponents. Students should be familiar with vectors and mathematical modeling of data. All students must also complete a 10-hour independent research project. All students enrolled in the course are required to take the IB exam. Students are required to complete a substantial summer assignment in preparation for this course.

If this course is split between 11th and 12th, at least 2 mods must be taken in 12th grade.

Taking the IB SL Physics exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 4.0-4.0

Prerequisite: 2 credits of Intensive Physics (B)

Open to: 11, 12

IB HL Physics

This course prepares students for the International Baccalaureate Higher Level (HL) exam, as well as algebra-based physics at the college level. Substantial time is spent in the laboratory. Topics include mechanics, thermal physics, waves, electricity and magnetism, circular motion and gravitation, atomic, nuclear and particle physics, and energy production. Students must have mastered multi-variable algebra, trigonometry, logarithms, and exponents. Students should be familiar with vectors and mathematical modeling of data. All students must also complete a 10-hour independent research project. Students are required to complete a substantial summer assignment in preparation for this course.

Taking the external IB HL Physics exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 6.0-6.0

Prerequisite:
Three credits of Intensive Physics (A-)

Open to: 11, 12

AP Physics C Mechanics

This highly demanding 3-mod course follows the syllabus of the AP Physics C: Mechanics exam, preparing students for calculus-based physics at the university level. Topics include Newton’s laws of motion, work, energy, linear and angular momentum, circular motion, rotation, universal gravity, oscillations, and simple harmonic motion. Students learn how to solve complex physics problems using differential and integral calculus. Students must have mastered multi-variable algebra, trigonometry, vectors, logarithms, exponents, and mathematical modeling of data with and without a graphing calculator, as well as basic differentiation and integration. Students are required to complete a substantial summer assignment in preparation for this course.

Taking the AP Physics C: Mechanics exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: Three credits of Intensive Physics (A-), plus AP Calculus AB, or at least one mod of either Calculus or AP Calculus BC.  For students taking the course in 2025-26 or beyond, Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Physics is also required.

Open to: 11, 12

AP Physics C Electricity & Magnetism

This highly demanding 3-mod course follows the AP Physics C-Electricity & Magnetism syllabus, preparing students for calculus-based physics at the university level. Topics include electrostatics, conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, inductance, electric circuits, magnetic fields, and electromagnetism. Students learn how to solve complex physics problems using differential and integral calculus. Students must have mastered multi-variable algebra, trigonometry, vectors, logarithms, exponents, basic differentiation and integration, and mathematical modeling of data with and without a graphing calculator. Students are required to complete a substantial summer assignment in preparation for this course.

Taking the AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: AP Physics C: Mechanics (B-). For students taking the course in 2025-26 or beyond, Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Physics is also required.

Open to: 11, 12

Introduction to STEAM

This single-mod course introduces students to some of the STEAM technologies used in many of George School’s other courses in a fun and creative way. Students have an opportunity to create and fabricate on 3D printers and laser cutters after learning some basic skills in CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) prototyping. Students start by creating small projects of their own design and then apply some of these skills to projects in physics, chemistry, electronics and computer science.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: none

Open to: 9, 10, 11, 12

Introduction to Electronics

​​This laboratory course introduces students to some of the basic components of solid-state electronics, circuit design, and circuit fabrication. The course is open to students both with and without a theoretical understanding of electricity and magnetism, with the goal of introducing them to practical, hands-on electronics. Topics include Coulomb’s Law, electric and magnetic fields, Ohm’s Law, Kirchoff’s Laws, R-C circuits, semiconductors, transistors, integrated circuits, voltage regulation, DC motor control, environmental sensing, and lightwave and radiowave communications. Electronic components used in the class include, but are not limited to, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, audio output devices, diodes, switches and buttons, 741 and 386 op-amps, 555 timers, relays, DC motors, and a variety of discrete sensor components for measurements of such things as magnetic fields, temperature, light intensity, moisture, motion, wind speed, seismic activity, infrared light, sound, and force.

​The laboratory skills include measuring voltage, resistance, and electrical current with analog and digital meters, operating analog and digital oscilloscopes, reading and understanding circuit schematics, building circuits using a breadboard, designing printed circuit boards (PCBs) using CAD software, and fabricating, populating, and soldering PCBs for real-world applications. While some assessments involve pencil-and-paper calculations using some basic physics equations and electronics laws, most evaluations are in the form of hands-on tasks, including a final project of the students’ own choosing and design.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: None
Open to: 10, 11, 12

Introduction to Programming

This AP-approved self-paced course introduces students to computer science through programming. Topics include fundamental java commands, control structures, problem-solving design, the use of variables and data structures to represent data, the development and implementation of algorithms, using methods with and without parameters, and the ethical and social implications of computing systems. Advanced concepts such as De Morgan’s law and short circuit conditionals are also covered. While the language of this course is Java, this introductory course deemphasizes object-oriented programming and design.

​The course utilizes a blended classroom approach where students write and run Java programs in the browser using the CodeHS editor. Content delivery is primarily web-based, and each unit of the course is broken down into lessons, which consist of video tutorials, short quizzes, example programs to explore, and written programming exercises.

​This course is meant to be a first-time introduction to computer science and does not require students to come in with any computer programming experience. Students who are uncomfortable applying mathematics to everyday situations may find this course provides practical and relevant ways to help refine and augment their own knowledge of logic and mathematics. Students who have successfully completed this course are ready for further study in the Physical Computing & Robotics track as well as the AP Computer Science track.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: None

Open to: 9, 10, 11, 12

Physical Computing & Robotics

This course is composed largely of self-directed and flexible modules that are project-oriented and driven significantly by student interests. This course sequence enables students to expand on their knowledge of C++/Java programming and gain proficiency in circuit design, breadboarding, and various hardware interactions involving light, sound, sensors, motors, and servo control. Armed with these skills, students can modify robots and craft unique creations in each module in the sequence. For students seeking practical applications of science and mathematics in everyday scenarios, these modules offer pertinent avenues to refine and enhance their understanding. Additionally, those adept in mathematics and confident in interdisciplinary engineering are encouraged to pursue the Intensive option within this course (SCI131A). Students have the flexibility to enroll in both modules of the sequence in one academic year or across multiple years.

Module 1: Introduction to Physical Computing
This introductory module emphasizes C++ coding techniques and hardware interactions with embedded controllers. Students build on their coding skills by using variables, mathematics, loops, and computer logic to program physical devices. Students engage in circuit building using online emulators, microcontrollers, breadboards, and printed circuit boards to experiment with LED lighting effects, sensors, motors, displays, audio emitters, and other devices.

Prerequisite (Module 1): Class of 2025: no prerequisite; Class of 2026 and beyond: Introduction to Programming (MAT750A) or placement test

Module 2: Sensing the World with Robotics
Focused on integrating electronic sensory devices into mobile autonomous robotics, this module assigns each student their own robot to work with. Once students demonstrate proficiency in more advanced programming principles, CAD design, and electronics, they embark on creating, building, and programming multiple robotic applications to execute autonomous tasks, incorporating simple feedback-control systems.

Prerequisite (Module 2): Class of 2025: Physical Computing and Robotics (mod 1) or AP Computer Science (at least one credit completed prior to the start of this course); Class of 2026 and beyond: Physical Computing and Robotics (mod 1)

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-2.0

Prerequisite: please see individual mod descriptions

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Intensive Physical Computing & Robotics

Students in this Intensive Physical Computing & Robotics course take the same modules within the Physical Computing & Robotics course and share a classroom space with those students. This Intensive course is also project-oriented and driven significantly by student interests, enabling students to expand on their knowledge of C++/Java programming and gain proficiency circuit design, breadboarding, and various hardware interactions involving, light, sound, sensors, motors, and servo control. While both courses cover the same base material, the Intensive course covers the material in more depth and at greater speed. Specifically, students in the Intensive class are required to solve about 25 percent more problems and are expected to show mastery of the basic topics as well as learn additional topics such as arrays, EEPROM data storage, and communications protocols. Students in the Intensive class are required to write nearly all their algorithms from scratch. For the final project, their robots and devices are expected to perform sophisticated autonomous tasks incorporating multiple feedback-control systems. Students will modify robots and craft unique creations in each module of the sequence. They have the flexibility to enroll in both modules of the sequence in one academic year or across multiple years. Please see the Physical Computing & Robotics (SCI130A) course description for details about individual mods.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-2.0

Prerequisite: Math 3 or equivalent, in addition to the mod-specific prerequisites listed in the course description for Physical Computing & Robotics (SCI130A)

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Applied Technologies in Botany

This course explores new and emerging tools for plant sciences, with a particular emphasis on botany and farming applications, such as plant breeding and production management. Robotic platforms give students the ability to imagine, design, and build equipment for monitoring plant growth. Automated control and acquisition of growth variables provides insights into plant growth status, pest management, water, and fertilizer applications. Students with experience in physical computing or desktop programming will have the opportunity to configure their own controllers. This course is designed to expose students to cross-disciplinary knowledge to solve problems, requiring creativity and flexible thinking.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: 2 credits of biology

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Projects in Computer Science

This course centers on constructing custom creations that blend resources from the prerequisite robotics/physical computing and/or AP Computer Science modules. Students build upon their desktop and/or embedded controller programming skills to make diverse creations of their own choosing. Each student is tasked with designing and prototyping a showcase-worthy system or device.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: AP Computer Science (at least 1 credit completed prior to the start of this course), Physical Computing and Robotics (1 credit) or Intensive Physical Computing and Robotics (1 credit)
Open to: 10, 11, 12

Advanced Projects in Computer Science

This course centers on constructing advanced custom creations that blend resources from the prerequisite robotics/physical computing and AP Computer Science modules. The sky is not the limit but just another challenge in this course. Students undertake the challenge of advanced desktop computing or incorporating embedded controllers into complex and diverse creations of their own creation, which may include autonomous drones and submarines, wearable fashion, and game controllers. Each student is tasked with designing and prototyping a showcase-worthy system or device.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-2.0

Prerequisite: AP Computer Science (at least 2 credits completed prior to the start of this course), Physical Computing and Robotics (2 credits), or Intensive Physical Computing and Robotics (2 credits)
Open to: 10, 11, 12

George School Field Studies

This course is an interdisciplinary, multi-sensory approach to examining the natural world found on the campus of George School. Through pen and paper and by “get-your-hands-dirty” outdoor exploration, students immerse themselves in the nature that surrounds them while exploring writing and art, as a response to the human experience with nature. The course considers the ways that scientific discoveries inspire new visions in writing and art and the ways that writing and art inspire new approaches in science, in particular, conservation biology and ecology. This course takes place OUTSIDE and requires active participation from students. Students also create scientifically accurate biological illustrations in field notebooks.

Students experience a field ecology course, a Socratic seminar, and wildlife illustration. Students read a selection of novels, short stories, and poems related to the study area while also actively participating in field work within the scope of that area of scholarship. Students utilize outdoor spaces on the GS campus such as the Fireplace near the Newtown Creek to discuss the readings.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: none

Open to: 11, 12

Environmental Science: Sustainable Systems

This environmental science course is designed to look at a wide range of interdisciplinary topics through a sustainability lens: how to live more harmoniously with nature and how to reduce the depletion of its non-renewable resources. Major topics include climate science, global warming, geological processes, plate tectonics, volcanology, ecological principles, conservation biology, resource management, renewable energy, population impact, environmental stewardship, sustainable development, organic gardening, green living, and environmental politics.

Concepts are presented in lectures, student presentations, and other hands-on activities. Inquiry-based projects are supplemented with lab investigations. Numerous campus walks and studies reinforce the concepts discussed in class, giving students a chance to learn about sustainability issues on our campus. The class will also visit nearby locations like Pennswood Village and Core Creek Park. The curriculum is supplemented by recent articles and other sources to synchronize the course with current environmental issues. Students are assessed on participation in class discussions and activities, as well as by lab reports and through testing.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 2.0-2.0

Prerequisite: two credits of biology or three credits of chemistry

Open to: 11, 12

IB SL Environmental Systems

This lab-driven, interdisciplinary course prepares students for the IB Environmental Systems & Societies exam. Students use systems thinking to explore ecosystems, energy and nutrient transformations, population dynamics, biodiversity, and the issues of climate change and pollution management. Students also investigate a range of environmental value systems with reference to specific environmentally-related decisions made locally and globally. Students should expect to work knee-deep in water or trudge through thick meadows, rain or shine, because fieldwork is central to understanding the environment. A summer assignment is required in preparation for the course, and this course can be taken over two years. All students are also required to participate in the IB Group 4 (IBG4) collaborative research project and complete an independent research project for the IB Internal Assessment.

Taking the external IB SL Environmental Systems and Societies exam is a requirement of this course.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 4.0-4.0

Prerequisite: one credit of Evo/Eco Biology (while only one credit of biology is required for this course, two credits of biology are required for graduation)

Open to: 11, 12

Animal Behavior

This single mod course is designed to introduce students to the major topics in animal behavior, or ethology, from a sociobiological point of view. It familiarizes students with some general non-human behaviors such as territoriality, breeding behaviors, animal societies, and other predictable ways that animals interact with each other. Students study numerous species through videos or direct observation. When possible, students study animals living on campus. Students are expected to read articles and segments from textbooks dealing with social behaviors. There is a major research project studying a specific species that students must complete and present in order to pass the course.

(This course will not be offered in 2024-25.)

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: one credit of Evo/Eco Biology (while only one credit of biology is required for this course, two credits of biology are required for graduation)

Open to: 11, 12

Environmental Justice

In this course, students explore the relationship of exposure to environmental degradation and health risks to socioeconomic status and communities of color. Various issues of investigation include topics in rural, urban, local, domestic, and international regions. Students examine current examples of environmental injustice and choose a topic for a project-based unit (PBL). Laboratory investigations and data analysis are incorporated regularly into the work.

(This course will not be offered in 2024-25.)

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: two credits of biology

Open to: 11, 12

Fuels of Civilization

Energy is the lifeblood of human civilization, shaping our societies, economies, and ecosystems. This interdisciplinary course delves into the fascinating journey of energy use throughout history, examining how it has transformed human existence and its pivotal role in addressing future global challenges. By studying the past, present, and future of energy, students gain a comprehensive understanding of this critical aspect of our world. The class culminates with student projects/presentations.

Prerequisite: None
Open to: 11, 12

Science & Literature

This course is cross-listed as MUL430L (Extradisciplinary). See MUL430L (Extradisciplinary) in the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog for description.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Open to: 11, 12

Ornithology

This “birding class” is an exciting and educational opportunity for George school students to explore the fascinating world of birds. Students learn about bird identification, behavior, habitats, and conservation through hands-on activities and field trips. This class provides a unique and immersive experience for students interested in nature, wildlife, and environmental science on the George School campus. The class culminates with student projects/presentations.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Prerequisite: none

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Cognitive Neurology

This course is designed to study how we, as humans, acquire skills and knowledge thanks to brain plasticity and synaptic pruning. It looks at our neural networks from an evolutionary perspective. On a more fundamental level, it looks at the biological and social constraints of how and what we learn. Students investigate: cognitive biases and mindsets, decision-making processes, our drive and thirst for knowledge, primate cognition and social intelligence, the neurology of memory, and the role cognition has played in our evolution, behavior, and perception.

Students explore some of the questions regarding the way we, as a species, perceive, behave, and respond to the world around us, challenging themselves to look for personal connections. As they search for a deeper understanding of the scientific principles covered, students examine the validity of the theories presented to them about how the brain works. Labs explore the student’s perception and ability to learn from games, cognitive situations, and simulations. In the process, they learn about their own cognitive capabilities. Students also do online investigations about specific structures of the brain. Students are expected to write thorough reflections from readings and to do an oral presentation.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 2.0-2.0

Prerequisite: 2 credits of biology

Open to: 11, 12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

This course takes a holistic and applied approach to introducing students to the structure and function of the systems in the human body. The course relies heavily on laboratory activities, as well as discussions that emphasize the interconnected nature of anatomy and physiology. Laboratories include the dissection of preserved comparative anatomy specimens and the use of small Manikens® to support building anatomical structures with clay. The class is appropriate for any student interested in pursuing a medical-related field of study, such as human and veterinary medicine, physical therapy, nursing, biomedical research and beyond. It is also appropriate for students who have an interest in anatomy and physiology as it applies to their own health and wellness.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 3.0-3.0

Prerequisite: one credit of Cell Bio/Biochem (while only one credit of biology is required for this course, two credits of biology are required for graduation)

Open to: 11, 12

AP Computer Science A

AP Computer Science A is an introductory course in computer science. The course emphasizes object-oriented programming methodology with a concentration on problem-solving and algorithm development and is the equivalent of a first-semester college-level course in computer science.

The central activity of the course is the design and implementation of computer programs to solve problems; the goal of the course is to develop and hone skills that are fundamental to the study of computer science. Creating computer programs is used as a context for introducing other important aspects of computer science, including the development and analysis of algorithms, the development and use of classes and fundamental data structures, the study of standard algorithms and typical applications, and the use of logic and formal methods. The responsible use of these systems is an integral part of the course.

The computer language studied is Java, as required by the AP curriculum. The prerequisites for entering this course include knowledge of algebra, a foundation of mathematical reasoning, and experience in problem-solving. In addition, because documentation plays a central role in the programming methodology, competence in written communication is a requirement.

The first mod of this course (Introduction to Programming, MAT750A; please see course description for details) can also be taken as a standalone course.  Students wishing to take the full AP Computer Science A course must earn an A in the Introduction to Programming mod.

Students who enroll in this course must sit for the AP Computer Science A exam.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 2.0-3.0

Prerequisite: Introduction to Programming (A) or placement test

Open to: 10, 11, 12

Independent Science Research

This non-traditional course provides the student who enrolls the opportunity to further develop a keen interest in science through cooperation with a mentor and the coordinating George School teacher. Students who enroll must identify and cultivate a relationship with a mentor in order to design and carry out an independent scientific research project. The project can be done either on or off campus. Projects may incorporate any step(s) of the scientific process, including grant writing, experimental design, sample collection, sample testing, data analysis, and presentation of findings.

Because of the independent nature of the work, the course does not meet during an arrangement. The project may be implemented after school, on weekends, and/or during vacations. The number of credits awarded will be dependent upon the time required to implement the project. Typically, a 50-hour project will earn 1 credit, a 75-hour project will earn 2 credits and a 100-hour project will earn 3 credits.

As part of this course, students complete an online curriculum in which they explore the scientific method and develop skills in reading scientific literature, and each student makes a public presentation on their project. The exact nature of the presentation is developed in consultation with the coordinating teacher.

Students should contact the science department head for detailed instructions on developing a proposal.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-9.0

Prerequisite: Three years of high school science with a B+ or higher in each class and approval of the department. Students must have completed at least one term at George School to enroll. A student enrolling in this course during the academic year must be taking at least 21 credits during the year.

Open to: 11, 12

Human-Wildlife Coexistence (in Botswana)

This course is part of the immersive course MUL880B (extradisciplinary). See the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog for description.

Open to: 10, 11

Reef Ecology and Sustainability (in Bonaire)

This course is cross-listed as MUL990B (Extradisciplinary). See the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog for description.

Open to: 11, 12

Coastal Ecology (in Belize)

This course is cross-listed as MUL990C (Extradisciplinary). See MUL990C (Extradisciplinary) in the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog for description.

 

 

Open to: 10, 11

The Amazon: Stories and Ecology of the Rainforest (in Brazil)

This course is cross-listed as MUL990R (extradisciplinary). See the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog for description.

Open to: 11, 12

South Africa: Art, Ecology & Social Justice

This course is cross-listed as MUL990S (Extradisciplinary). See the course description for MUL990S (Extradisciplinary) in the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog.

Min-Max Credit Hours: 1.0-1.0

Open to: 11, 12

Contemporary East African Society and Conservation

This course is cross-listed as MUL990U (Extradisciplinary). See the Extradisciplinary section of the catalog for description.

Open to: 11, 12

More to Explore

Visiting Golden Monkeys in Rwanda

Tomorrow will be an early morning to see the rare Golden Monkeys followed by a visit to a cultural village for drumming, dancing, and local food. Students are in good spirits, engaged in the work, and learning to work as a group.

Two Students Advance to USNCO National Examination

George School is pleased to announce that Forest Ho-Chen ’22 and Vinay Thulasiram ’23 have scored high enough on the U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO) Local Examination to advance to USNCO National Examination testing.

The Virtual Classroom: Computing and Robotics

In our virtual classroom, students everywhere in the world could program a robot that’s sitting here at George School. That was extraordinarily exciting and uncommon at the high school level.